To inherit properties and methods from one class to another we need to use the extends keyword.

Let's consider 2 classes, a base class User and a class Admin which inherits properties and methods from the User class.

You may ask why are we inheriting from User to Admin and not Admin to User because every admin is a user at the end and every admin should have every base functionalities of a user.

This is how you should logically map objects in any programming language.

// base class
class User {
  constructor(name) {
    // properties
    this.name = name;
    this.category = "User";
  }

  // method
  getName() {
    return this.name;
  }
}

// inheriting class
class Admin {
  // shutdownSystem() should be implemented in Admin class
  // because only admin should have the ability to turn off
  // a system in an organization
  shutdownSystem() {
    console.log("Shutting down the system");
  }
}

Now we have defined a base class and an inheriting class, But currently, we are not telling to get all the properties and methods from the User class to Admin class. For that, we need to use the extends keyword followed by the name of the class we want to inherit the properties and methods from the base class like this,

// base class
class User {
  constructor(name) {
    // properties
    this.name = name;
    this.category = "User";
  }

  // method
  getName() {
    return this.name;
  }
}

// inheriting class
// using extends keyword
class Admin extends User {
  // shutdownSystem() should be implemented in Admin class
  // because only admin should have the ability to turn off
  // a system in an organization
  shutdownSystem() {
    console.log("Shutting down the system");
  }
}

Now we have successfully inherited all the properties and methods from User to the Admin class.

Now let's create an object of Admin class.

// base class
class User {
  constructor(name) {
    // properties
    this.name = name;
    this.category = "User";
  }

  // method
  getName() {
    return this.name;
  }
}

// inheriting class
// using extends keyword
class Admin extends User {}
  // shutdownSystem() should be implemented in Admin class
  // because only admin should have the ability to turn off
  // a system in an organization
  shutdownSystem() {
    console.log("Shutting down the system");
  }
}

// create an object of Admin class
const John = new Admin("John Doe");

Yay! But wait? How can we pass the "John Doe" as an argument to the Admin class when we need to pass it to the User class.

Yes! That's the power of extends keyword the arguments are passed automatically to the base class on the order you have defined the parameters in the base class.

But if you have a constructor method in the Admin class itself the arguments are passed to the constructor method of Admin class and not to the User base class constructor method and you need to call the super() method which passes the arguments to the base class otherwise it will throw an error.

// base class
class User {
  constructor(name) {
    // properties
    this.name = name;
    this.category = "User";
  }

  // method
  getName() {
    return this.name;
  }
}

// inheriting class
// using extends keyword
class Admin extends User {
  // constructor method
  constructor(name, age) {
    // mandatory to pass arguments to the base class
    super(name);
    this.age = age;
  }

  // shutdownSystem() should be implemented in Admin class
  // because only admin should have the ability to turn off
  // a system in an organization
  shutdownSystem() {
    console.log("Shutting down the system");
  }
}

// create an object of Admin class
const John = new Admin("John Doe", 23);

// view the contents of John object
console.log(John);

// OUTPUT

{
  age: 23,
  category: "User",
  name: "John Doe"
}

Feel free to share if you found this useful 😃.

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